Compare Bouvet Island (2007) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)

Compare Bouvet Island (2007) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)

	Bouvet Island (2007)	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)

Area	total: 49 sq km land: 49 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	This uninhabited volcanic island is almost entirely covered by glaciers and is difficult to approach. It was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom the island was named. No claim was made until 1825, when the British flag was raised. In 1928, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island the previous year. In 1971, Norway designated Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters a nature reserve. Since 1977, it has run an automated meteorological station on the island.	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Climate	antarctic	tropical
Coastline	29.6 km	74.1 km
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bouvet Island	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Dependency status	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Police from Oslo	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Attorney-General's Department
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	none	Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches
Economy - overview	no economic activity; declared a nature reserve	no economic activity
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Olav Peak 935 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	the flag of Australia is used
Geographic coordinates	54 26 S, 3 24 E	12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note	covered by glacial ice; declared a nature reserve	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Irrigated land	0 sq km	0 sq km
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (93% ice) (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)
Legal system	the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Location	island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island
Map references	Antarctic Region	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 4 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Norway	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Natural hazards	NA	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	none	fish
People - note	-	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Population	uninhabited	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island
Terrain	volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible	low with sand and coral

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